Trulla 1.3.0-preview8

Trulla Templates

...an F# strongly typed text template provider!

Status: Stable

#r "nuget: Trulla"

open Trulla

let [<Literal>] TestTemplate = """
    Hello {{user.name}}, how are you?

    Your Orders
    ===

    {{for order in orders|---}}
    ID: {{order.id}}
    ({{if order.isActive}}active{{else}}inactive{{end}})
    {{end}}
    """

// All types required by the given template
// are infered and provided:
type Tmpl = Template<TestTemplate>

// Instanciate a typed model for the tempalte.
let templateModel =
    Tmpl.Root(
        [
            Tmpl.order("Order 1", false)
            Tmpl.order("Order 2", true)
            Tmpl.order("Order 3", false)
        ],
        Tmpl.user("Hans"))

// Render and print it:
Tmpl.Render(templateModel) |> printfn "%s"

This will print:

    Hello Hans, how are you?

    Your Orders
    ===


    ID: Order 1
    (inactive)
    ---
    ID: Order 2
    (active)
    ---
    ID: Order 3
    (inactive)

The approach of Trulla is:

• Provide a text template with:
  • template parameters
  • iterations
  • conditionals
• A model type is infered from a given template.
• An instance of the model is provided by the user for rendering the final template.

Limitations (current)

• The model will only contain fields of type
  • list
  • string (for template holes)
  • bool
• There are currently no partials supported

Template Syntax

Have a look at the tests for more samples!

for loops (with separator)

• This will render 'abc' for given chars = ["a"; "b"; "c"]:

{{for c in chars}}{{c}}{{end}}

• With a given separator between items, this will render 'a;b;c' for given chars = ["a"; "b"; "c"]:

{{for x in numbers|;}}{{x.id}}{{end}}

if/else

• This will print "Order is active." or "Order is closed." depending on the value of order.isActive:
• The else part is optional.

Order is {{if order.isActive}}active{{else}}closed{{end}}.

Implementation Notes

The implementation of the tempalte provider might be interesting, because it contains (in a simple form) the building blocks that are required for a programming language. It has:

A parser Parsing.fs implemented with FParsec. The parser output is a sequence of tokens:

type Token =
    | Text of string
    | Hole of PVal<MemberToken>
    | For of ident: PVal<string> * exp: PVal<MemberToken>
    | If of PVal<MemberToken>
    | Else
    | End
    
and MemberToken =
    | AccessToken of {| instanceExp: PVal<MemberToken>; memberName: string |}
    | IdentToken of string

An untyped AST Ast.fs that gets constructed from the parsed token sequence:

type TVar =
    | Root
    | TVar of int

type private BindingContext = Map<string, TVar>

type TVal<'a> =
    { 
        range: Range
        tvar: TVar
        bindingContext: BindingContext
        value: 'a 
    }
    override this.ToString() = sprintf "(%A)%A" this.range this.value

type TExp =
    | Text of string
    | Hole of TVal<MemberExp>
    | For of ident: TVal<string> * exp: TVal<MemberExp> * body: TExp list
    | If of cond: TVal<MemberExp> * body: TExp list
    | Else of cond: TVal<MemberExp> * body: TExp list

and Body = BindingContext * TExp list

and MemberExp =
    | AccessExp of {| instanceExp: TVal<MemberExp>; memberName: string |}
    | IdentExp of string

type Typ =
    | Mono of string
    | Poly of name: string * typParam: Typ
    | Field of Field
    | Record of TVar
    | Var of TVar

and Field = 
    { 
        name: string
        typ: Typ
    }

A solver Solver.fs that types records and identifiers of the AST

type RecordDef =
    {
        id: TVar
        fields: Field list
        name: string
    }

A generator (renderer) ReflectionRenderer.fs that transforms all the previous into the final string.

TODOs

• Shadowing (Explanation)
• Wildcards in bindings
• The begin and end character sequence for template expressions are configurable, and there is no way escaping them. Choose an appropriate sequence of characters that won't occur in your template.