FuManchu 2.2.0

FuManchu

Text-templating using a Handlebars-like syntax, in your .NET Project. Tokenizer/Parser based on the Razor engine provided by Microsoft.

Quick Start

First thing, install FuManchu from Nuget:

Install-Package FuManchu

Next, add a namespace using:

using FuManchu;

Then, you're good to go:

Handlebars.Compile("<template-name>", "Hello {{world}}!");
string result = Handlebars.Run("<template-name>", new { world = "World" });

There is also a shorthand:

string result = Handlebars.CompileAndRun("<template-name>", "Hello {{world}}!", new { world = "World" });

Documentation

Documentation site is coming soon. But for now, some easy instructions are provided below.

Compiling templates

The static Handlebars class provides a singleton instance of the IHandlebarsService type. This API is modelled on the HandlebarsJS JavaScript API, so if you are familiar with that framework, you'll be fine with FuManchu.

Let's define a template and pass it to the service:

string template = "Hello {{name}}";
var templateFunc = Handlebars.Compile("name", template);

The Compile function returns a HandlebarTemplate delegate which you can call, passing in your model to return you're result.

string result = templateFunc(new { name = "Matt" });

This is equivalent to the following:

string result = Handlebars.Run("name", new { name = "Matt" });

When you call Compile your template is parsed and can be executed multiple times with new data.

Block Tags

Block tags are define using the {{#tag}}{{/tag}} syntax. There are three types of block tags; built-in tags, implicit tags and helper tags.

Built-ins: if, elseif, else

You can use the if, elseif, else tags to provide conditional logic to your templates.

{{#if value}}
  True
{{/if}}

{{#if value}}
  True
{{else}}
  False
{{/if}}

{{#if value1}}
  Value 1
{{#elseif value2}}
  Value 2
{{else}}
  None
{{/if}}

We resolve the truthfulness of values using the same semantics of truthy/falsely logic of JavaScript, therefore, values that are null, or the number zero, empty enumerables and empty strings, are all considered false. Everything else is considered true.

The {{else}} tag can be also be written as {{^}} in your templates

{{#if value}}
  True
{{^}}
  False
{{/if}}

Built-ins: unless, else

unless is the negated version of if. It will allow you to assume truthful values, and present output if the value is falsey.

{{#unless value}}
  Value is not true!
{{/unless}}

{{#unless value}}
  Value is not true!
{{else}}
  Value was true!
{{/unless}}

The {{else}} tag can be also be written as {{^}} in your templates

Built-ins: each, else

The each tag allows you to iterate over enumerable objects.

<ul>
  {{#each items}}
    <li>{{value}}</li>
  {{/each}}
</ul>

The each block tag creates a scope around the target model (therefore each child of items, above), to allow you to use the {{value}} expressions, where value is a property of a child of items. A more concrete example could be:

var people = new [] { new Person() { Name = "Matt" }, new Person() { Name = "Stuart" } };
string template = "<ul>{{#each this}}<li>{{Name}}</li>{{/each}}</ul>";
	
// result: <ul><li>Matt</li><li>Stuart</li></ul>
string result = Handlebars.CompileAndRun("name", template, people);

The each tag also supports the variables @index, @first, @last. If you enumerate over an IDictionary, you also have access to @key.

var people = new [] { new Person() { Name = "Matt" }, new Person() { Name = "Stuart" } };
string template = "<ul>{{#each this}}<li>{{@index}}: {{Name}}</li>{{/each}}</ul>";
	
// result: <ul><li>0: Matt</li><li>1: Stuart</li></ul>
string result = Handlebars.CompileAndRun("name", template, people);

@index tracks the current index of the item in the enumerable. @first and @last represent true/false values as to whether you are enumerating the first or last value in an enumerable. @key represents the dictionary key.

You can provided a {{else}} switch to provide an output when the enumerable is empty:

{{#each items}}
  Item {{@index}}
{{else}}
  No items!
{{/each}}

The {{else}} tag can be also be written as {{^}} in your templates

Built-ins: with, else The with block creates a scope around the parameter argument.

var model = new { person = new { forename = "Matt", surname = "Abbott" } };

{{#with person}}
  Name: {{forename}} {{surname}}
{{/with}}

Again, as with each, you can use the {{else}} switch to provide an output if the value passed into the with tag is falsey:

{{#with person}}
  Name: {{forename}} {{surname}}
{{else}}
  Nobody :-(
{{/with}}

The {{else}} tag can be also be written as {{^}} in your templates

Implicit Block Tags

You can use shorthand {{#tag}}{{/tag}} where "tag" is the name of a property on your model, instead of using full tags, e.g.

var model = new { person = new { forename = "Matt", surname = "Abbott" } };

{{#person}}
  Name: {{forename}} {{surname}}
{{/person}}

The above is equivalent to:

{{#if person}}
  {{#with person}}
    Name: {{forename}} {{surname}}
  {{/with}}
{{/if}}

If you're property also happens to be an enumerable, then the implicit block tag works like each:

{{#people}}
  <li>{{@index}}: {{forename}} {{surname}}</li>
{{/people}}

Inverted Block Tags

Inverted block tags follow the rules for implicit block tags, but are used to provided content when the tag expression resolves to falsey.

{{^power}}
  You have no power here!
{{/power}}

Block Helpers

You can register custom helpers using the Handlebars service. You need to register a helper ahead of time, which you can then call from your template.

Handlebars.RegisterHelper("list", options => {
  var enumerable = options.Data as IEnumerable ?? new[] { (object)options.Data };

  return "<ul>"
    + string.Join("", enumerable.OfType<object>().Select(options.Fn))
    + "</ul>";
});

For block helpers, the options parameter provides access to the content of your block helper, therefore given the following usage:

{{#list people}}
  <li>{{forename}} {{surname}}</li>
{{/list}}

When calling options.Fn (or options.Render), the content of your custom helper block is rendered, scoped to the value passed to the render function.

Arguments and Hash parameters You can pass additional information to your helpers using your helper block, e.g.:

var model = new {
  people = new List<People>(),
  message = "Hello World"
};

Handlebars.RegisterHelper("list", options => {
  var people = options.Data as List<People>;
  string message = options.Arguments[1] as string;
  string cssClass = options.Hash["class"];

  return "<ul class=\"" + cssClass + "\">"
    + "<li>" + message + "</li>"
    + string.Join("", enumerable.OfType<object>().Select(options.Fn))
    + "</ul>";
});

{{#list people message class="nav nav-pills"}}...{{/list}}

An instance of HelperOptions is passed as the value of options, which provides the input arguments (people and message) and a has (IDictionary<string, object>, class="nav nav-pills") which are accessible. options.Data provides a shorthand access to options.Arguments[0] as dynamic, and options.Hash provides readonly access to options.Parameters. Both options.Data and options.Hash and provided for API compatability with HandlebarsJS.

Expression Tags

Expression tags are simple {{value}} type tags that allow you to render content into your templates, by binding values from your input models (or 'contexts' in HandlebarsJS speak). There are a variety of ways you can call these properties, so given:

var model = new {
  person = new {
	  forename = "Matt",
    surname = "Abbott",
    age = 30,
    job = new {
      title = "Developer"
    }
  }
};

{{person.forename}}
{{./person.forename}}
{{this.person.forename}}
{{this/person/forename}}
{{@root.person.forename}}

And also within scopes:

{{#with person}}
  {{#with job}}
    {{../forename}} {{../surname}}
  {{/with}}
{{/with}}

You can use these same 'context paths' as arguments and hash parameters in your block tags too:

{{#if ../people}}
{{#with @root.people}}

And with your custom helpers too:

{{#list people class=@root.cssClass}}

Expression Helpers

Just like Block Helpers, you can create Expression Helpers too, using the same function as before:

Handlebars.RegisterHelper("name", options => {
  return string.Format("{0} {1}", options.Data.forename, options.data.surname);
});

Called using the expression syntax, this time with arguments:

var model = new { forename = "Matt", surname = "Abbott" };

{{name this}}

Partial Templates

Partial templates allow you to break your Handlebars templates into discreet units. To register a partial, you call the Handlebars.RegisterPartial method

Handlebars.RegisterPartial("name", "{{forename}} {{surname}}");

You can then call your partial from your template:

var model = new { forename = "Matt", surname = "Abbott" };

{{>name}}

You can override the model passed to your template, by providing an additional arguments:

var model = new { person = new { forename = "Matt", surname = "Abbott" } };

{{>name person}}

You can alternatively pass through parameters, if you need to provide a parameter-like experience:

var model = new { person = new { forename = "Matt", surname = "Abbott" } };

{{>name firstName=person.forename lastName=person.surname}}

Partial Template Blocks

You can also create partial templates that allow you to insert content from the outer template into the partial template. This is useful for creating layouts or component-like partials.

Handlebars.RegisterPartial("heading", "<h1>Hello {{<content}}</h1>");

Alternatively, you can use the HandlebarsJS syntax:

Handlebars.RegisterPartial("heading", "<h1>Hello {{>@partial-block}}</h1>");

To call this component, you can now specify the content to be inserted into the partial template. Not the block syntax {{#> instead of {{>

{{#>heading}}World{{/heading}}

Which should render:

<h1>Hello World</h1>

You can also define partials that support multiple zones:

Handlebars.RegisterPartial("layout", "<div>{{<header}}</div><div>{{<content}}</div><div>{{<footer}}</div>");

Which you can call as:

{{#>layout}}
  {>header}}Header{{/header}}
  {{>content}}Content{{/content}}
  {{>footer}}Footer{{/footer}}
{{/layout}}}

You can still pass arguments and maps to the partial template, but any expressions you use in your zones will be evaluated in the context of the outer template.

{{#>heading}}{{forename}} {{surname}}{{/heading}}

Text Encoding

Like HandlebarsJS, FuManchu encodes values by default, therefore all calls, such as {{forename}} etc, will be encoded. If you need to render the raw value, you can use the triple-brace syntax:

{{{forename}}} {{{surname}}}

Singleton vs Instance Services

The Handlebars type provides singleton access to an instance of IHandlebarsService. If you need instance access instead (such as injection through IoC/DI), you can simply register HandlebarsService as an instance of IHandlebarsService in whatever appropriate lifetime scope you require. This will enable you to partition your helpers/partials and compiled templates per instances of IHandlebarsService.